Pre-allocating memory in MATLAB à la std::vector::reserve(n) - c++

Question

So reserve is quite useful when you have a rough idea of your size requirements. Does anyone know of a similar method to pre-allocate arrays in MATLAB?
I'm not really interested in hacky (but effective) methods like the following:
x = zeros(1000,1);
for i = 1:10000
if i > numel(x)
x = [x;zeros(size(x))];
end
x(i) = rand;
end
x(i+1:end) = [];

Answer 1

The "hacky" way is the only way to do it. However, you do not need to check i <= numel(x). The array will be expanded automatically (but without array doubling):
x = zeros(1000,1);
for i = 1:10000
x(i) = rand;
end
x(i+1:end) = [];
EDIT: To keep it simple while still retaining the array doubling, you can write a class, or simply a few helper functions (below).
EDIT2: The usage of helper functions will slow things down compared to the manual hack. In MATLAB 2010 it is still much faster than naive growth. In MATLAB 2011 the naive approach is actually faster, suggesting that this version has smarter allocation. Perhaps it is fast enough so that no hack is needed at all. Thanks to Andrew Janke for pointing this out.
function listtest()
n = 10000;
l = new_list();
for i=1:n
l = list_append(l, i);
end
a = list_to_array(l);
end
function l = new_list()
l = [0 0];
end
function l = list_append(l, e)
if l(1)+1 == length(l)
l(length(l)*2) = 0;
end
l(1) = l(1)+1;
l(l(1)+1) = e;
end
function a = list_to_array(l)
a = l(2:1+l(1));
end
EDIT (from AndrewJanke)
Here's code to compare the speed of the implementations.
function manual_reserve_example(n)
x = zeros(1000,1);
for i = 1:n
if i > numel(x)
x = [x;zeros(size(x))];
end
x(i) = i;
end
x(i+1:end) = [];
end
function naive_growth(n)
x = 0;
for i = 1:n
x(i) = i;
end
end
function compare_them(n)
fprintf('Doing %d elements in Matlab R%s\n', n, version('-release'));
tic;
naive_growth(n);
fprintf('%30s %.6f sec\n', 'naive_growth', toc);
tic;
manual_reserve_example(n);
fprintf('%30s %.6f sec\n', 'manual_reserve', toc);
tic;
listtest(n);
fprintf('%30s %.6f sec\n', 'listtest', toc);
end

Answer 2

The cleanest solution to the example that you provided is to iterate backwards.
for i = 10000:-1:1
x(i) = rand;
end
This does not work in cases where the end size is actually unknown, but it has come in handy for me more often than I would have expected.
Otherwise I usually implement a "double on overflow" algorithm like you show in the original question.
The clean solution is to wrap a Matlab class around a respectible vector resize algorithm, and then use that class. I am not aware of any reason such a class could not be built, but I've never actually sat down and tried to implement one. (I'm curious if an example already exists on the file exchange somewhere.)

Answer 3

There is a way to preallocate memory for a structure in MATLAB 7.6 (R2008a) using the STRUCT and REPMAT commands.
EXAMPLE 1: A structure with two fields
s.field1
s.field2
s = struct('field1',cell(1),'field2',cell(1));
EXAMPLE 2: A structure with a field with a subfield
s.field1.subfield
s = struct('field1',struct('subfield',cell(1)));
EXAMPLE 3: An array of structures
v(1).field1
...
v(100).field1
s = struct('field1',cell(1));
v = repmat(s,100,1);